Rising Summer Temperatures

In recent years, summer temperatures have significantly increased, with heat waves becoming more frequent. Since the 1950s, average summer temperatures have changed dramatically. From 2005 onward, approximately two-thirds of recorded temperatures fell into the “hot” category, while one-third reached “extremely hot.” This climatic shift poses potential threats to human health.

Heat Stress and Its Symptoms

Heat stress occurs when the body struggles to maintain its internal temperature, leading to a rise above 99.7°F (37.6°C) and excessive sweating. If cooling measures are not taken, severe heat-related illnesses can develop, particularly when body temperature reaches 104°F (40°C). Common symptoms include:

• Profuse sweating
• Red, hot skin
• Rapid pulse
• Weakness

Common Heat-Related Illnesses

Heat-related illnesses include:

Heat Rash:

Symptoms: Small red bumps or blister-like eruptions on the skin.

Treatment: Keep the skin dry, rest in a shaded area, and rehydrate.

Heat Cramps:

Symptoms: Painful muscle spasms, usually in the legs or abdomen, caused by dehydration.

Treatment: Rest in a cool area, gently stretch affected muscles, and drink electrolyte-rich sports drinks.

Heat Exhaustion:

Symptoms: Heavy sweating, weakness, nausea, headaches, and lightheadedness.

Treatment: Move to a shaded area, remove excess clothing, and use cool, wet towels on the skin.

Heat Stroke:

Symptoms: Lack of sweating despite high heat, red, dry skin, confusion, and potential loss of consciousness.

Treatment: Heat stroke is a medical emergency. Immediate cooling is essential, and IV fluids may be required.

How the Body Cools Itself

The human body regulates temperature like a furnace, constantly producing and dissipating heat through various processes:

• Vasodilation: Blood vessels near the skin fill with blood, facilitating heat dissipation.
• Sweating: The body begins to sweat, cooling the skin through evaporation.

However, when air temperatures approach or exceed normal body temperature, cooling becomes challenging. If the body cannot release excess heat, core temperatures will rise.

Prevention Measures

Preventing heat-related illnesses involves:

• Gradual acclimatization to hot work environments.
• Wearing loose, lightweight clothing.
• Protecting against sunburn, which can impair the body’s cooling ability.
• Staying well-hydrated, avoiding caffeine and alcohol.
• Avoiding work during the hottest parts of the day.

Conclusion

Understanding personal and environmental risk factors can enhance an individual’s ability to cope with high temperatures. By gradually acclimatizing to heat, maintaining good lifestyle habits, workers can effectively reduce the occurrence of heat stress.